Novel Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Bioactive Glass-Naproxen Coating: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Bioactivity.

Immune response to biomaterials, which is intimately related to their surface properties, can produce chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to implant failure. This study investigated the development of magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica and incorporating the anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, aimed at multifunctional biomedical applications. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques that confirmed the presence of magnetite and the formation of a silica-rich bioactive glass (BG) layer. In vitro studies demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited bioactive properties, forming an apatite surface layer when immersed in simulated body fluid, and biocompatibility with bone cells, with good viability and alkaline phosphatase activity. Naproxen, either free or encapsulated, reduced nitric oxide production, an inflammatory marker, while the BG coating alone did not show anti-inflammatory effects in this study. Overall, the magnetic nanoparticles coated with BG and naproxen showed promise for biomedical applications, especially anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages and in the bone field, due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteogenic potential.

Evaluation of acute toxicity, 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of Moringa oleifera leaves infusion and powder.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves infusion and powder are widely used by population due the nutritional and medicinal potentials, however data regarding safety of use are still inconclusive, leading to prohibition of this plant in some countries. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present work investigated the nutritional and phytochemical composition, acute and 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of M. oleifera leaves infusion and powder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For nutritional characterization of leaf powder, it was determined: humidity; mineral residue (ash); total lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and crude fiber contents; and total caloric value. Phytochemical composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The acute toxicity assay used Swiss female albino mice and oral administration in a single dose at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of infusion or powder. The 28-day repeated dose toxicity assay employed female and male mice, with oral administration of infusion or powder at the doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The animals were evaluated for body weight, water and feed consumption, biochemical and hematological parameters, and histology of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. In vivo genotoxicity and mutagenicity (2000 mg/kg) were evaluated by the comet assay and the micronucleus test, respectively. RESULTS: Nutritional characterization confirmed that M. oleifera leaves are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and fiber. HPLC indicated the presence of flavonoids and cinnamic derivatives as major polyphenols. Acute toxicity did not reveal alterations in weight gain and water and feed consumptions and no change in biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Behavior alterations was observed in the first 2 h after administration at 5000 mg/kg in both treatments. Infusion did not present toxicity when administered for 28 days. Conversely, the powder at 500 and 1000 mg/kg promoted liver and kidney damages observed through biochemical parameters and histopathology. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity were not detected at 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals that M. oleifera leaves are an important source of polyphenols and nutrients. Indiscriminate use of both infusion and crude leaf powder above 2000 mg/kg and powder at 500 and 1000 mg/kg are not recommended. Chronic toxicological studies and establishment of preparation protocols are suggested aiming to guarantee the safety in the use of M. oleifera leaves as nutraceutical by population.

Nutritional and technological potential of Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) processing by-product flour.

Antioxidants present in many fruit residues can play an essential role in the prevention of diseases. The aim of this study was to determine nutritional and mineral composition, fatty acids profile, anti-nutrients, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and technological properties of flour from residues generated by umbu fruit processing. Nutritional composition showed high levels of dietary fiber, especially insoluble fiber (56.67%). The flour can be classified as a good source of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, and an excellent source of iron, zinc and copper. Palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids and oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids were identified. No potentially toxic substances were detected. Significant values of ascorbic acid (44.78 mg/100g), carotenoids (463.73 µg/100g) and flavonoids (37.85 mg QE/100g) were found, as well as very high levels of phenolic compounds (20357.26 mg GAE/100g). Strong antioxidant activity was detected in the flour by three methods (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) demonstrating a linear positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The flour showed high absorption of water, oil, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability presenting a great potential for use in foods, especially meat, bakery and dairy products. These results indicate promising prospects to full use of umbu as a functional ingredient.

Different infective forms trigger distinct lesions in the colon during experimental Chagas disease.

With the control of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease caused by metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) in endemic countries, other pathways of infection have become important. The infection caused by blood trypomastigotes (BT) is relevant in places where the blood transfusion and organ transplantation are poorly controlled. This study aimed to evaluate immunopathogenic parameters in the colon during the acute and chronic phases of experimental infection in Swiss mice infected with BT or MT forms of VL-10 strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. We have found that animals infected with MT forms presented lower survival rate, and higher tissue parasitism in the acute phase of the disease, which may be associated with the exacerbated activation of the immune system with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines even in the chronic phase of infection. Taken together, these results can also be associated to the maintenance of the inflammatory process in chronic phase and an earlier denervation of myenteric plexus in colon. These findings emphasized the importance of the inoculum source and the strain, once different forms of different strains seem to promote distinct diseases.

Design, synthesis, molecular modelling, and in vitro evaluation of tricyclic coumarins against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas disease is caused by infection with the parasite protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects about 8 million people in 21 countries in Latin America. The main form of treatment of this disease is still based on the use of two drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which both present low cure rates in the chronic phase and often have serious side-effects. Herein, we describe the synthesis of tricyclic coumarins that were obtained via NHC organocatalysis and evaluation of their trypanocidal activity. Molecular docking studies against trypanosomal enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were carried out, as well as a theoretical study of the physicochemical parameters. The tricyclic coumarins were tested in vitro against the intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the 18 compounds tested, 10 were more active than the reference drug benznidazole. The trypanocidal activity of the lead compound was rationalized by molecular docking study which suggested the strong interaction with the enzyme TIM by T. cruzi and therefore indicating a possible mode of action. Furthermore, the selectivity index of eight tricyclic coumarins with high anti-T. cruzi activity was above 50 and thus showing that these lead compounds are viable candidates for further in vivo assays.

Associação Brasileira de Odontologia (ABO/GV)

O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico envolve a devida capacidade de limpeza e modelagem dos sistemas de canais radiculares, contudo, não há consenso na literatura sobre os sistemas de lima única Reciproc e WaveOne em termos de formatação do canal. Objetivo: comparar a efetividade na formatação dos canais radiculares utilizando os sistemas Reciproc e WaveOne, no que tange ao transporte e à centralização do preparo. Método: o plano sistemático para a execução desta revisão integrativa consistiu em quatro etapas. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas seguintes bases de dados: SciELO, PubMed e Lilacs, com os seguintes descritores: Reciproc e WaveOne, shaping canal, centering canal. Foi feita a leitura dos resumos que constavam nos artigos e documentos selecionados e a seleção daqueles que contemplavam de três a cinco descritores sobre o tema desta pesquisa. Em seguida, foi feita a leitura dos textos na íntegra, seguida pela construção de uma tabela com as informações levantadas nesse processo. Resultados: dos artigos selecionados, sete foram publicados em revistas odontológicas, sendo cinco publicados em revistas de área específica (endodontia) e apenas um foi publicado em uma revista de pesquisa básica de tecnologia. Verificou-se que a maior parte dos estudos foi publicada nos anos 2014 e 2015, a maioria publicada no Brasil e na Coreia. Conclusão: com base nos artigos estudados, não foi possível concluir que há diferença entre os instrumentos avaliados, quanto à centralização e à formatação do preparo após a utilização de Reciproc e WaveOne.

A eficácia da solução de EDTA na remoção de smear layer e sua relação com o tempo de uso: uma revisão integrativa

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar qual o tempo de aplicação mais frequentemente utilizado do EDTA para remoção eficaz da smear layer no interior dos canais radiculares e quais os fatores que podem influenciar na ação do EDTA. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, utilizando-se as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed e Science Direct com os seguintes descritores: EDTA, irrigação final (final rinse), camada de esfregaço (smear layer), tempo de irrigação (time of irrigation), descacificação (decalcification) e microdureza (microhardness). Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados na íntegra, no idioma Inglês e Português, durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2017. Resultados: após análise baseada nos critérios de inclusão, leitura dos resumos disponíveis e avaliação sobre o questionamento elaborado, foram identificadas no Scielo um total de 507 referências bibliográficas, as quais, três foram selecionadas. Já no Lilacs foram identificados 35 artigos, sendo considerados dois. No PubMed foram identificadas 450 referências, sendo considerada apenas uma. Foram encontrados 282 artigos na Science Direct, sendo selecionados 24. Desta forma, 30 artigos fizeram parte da presente revisão. Conclusão: com base na literatura estudada, verificou-se que e o tempo de uso do EDTA interferiu diretamente na qualidade da remoção da smear layer. Além disso, verificou-se que o EDTA a 17% utilizado por um período de um minuto foi ideal para a remoção da smear layer, enquanto que a aplica- ção de EDTA no tempo superior a sete minutos provocou erosão da dentina peritubular

Synthesis of Xylitan Derivatives and Preliminary Evaluation of in Vitro Trypanocidal Activity.

A series of novel xylitan derivatives derived from xylitol were synthesized using operationally simple procedures. A xylitan acetonide was the key intermediate used to prepare benzoate, arylsulfonate esters and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of xylitan. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity against trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite in T. cruzi-infected cell lineages. Benznidazole was used as positive control against T. cruzi and cytotoxicity was determined in mammalian L929 cells. The arylsulfonate xylitan derivative bearing a nitro group displayed the best activity of all the compounds tested, and was slightly more potent than the reference drug benznidazole. The importance of the isopropylidene ketal moiety was established and the greater lipophilicity of these compounds suggests enhancement in cell penetration.

Manifesto de Natal - Por uma política afirmativa no recrutamento, formação, provimento, retenção e suporte para as médicas de família em contexto rural e remoto / Natal Manifest - For an affirmative policy in the establishment, recruitment, continuing education and support to the female family doctors in rural and remote contexts / Manifiesto de Natal - Por una política comprometida en la radicación, contratación, formación continuada y apoyo para las médicas de familia em contextos rurales y remotos

O presente documento foi produzido com base na oficina de Gênero sobre o trabalho das Médicas de Família em áreas rurais e remotas, durante o 13º Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina de Família e Comunidade, de 8 a 12 de julho de 2015. Objetivou o estabelecimento de importantes pressupostos para o recrutamento, formação, provimento, retenção e suporte para o trabalho das médicas de família e comunidade nas mais diversas áreas rurais, rururbanas e remotas do país, em seus mais diversos cenários, devendo servir de base para estudos e formulação de políticas públicas sobre tais aspectos.

This document was produced on the basis of the Gender workshop on the work of female Family Doctors in rural and remote areas, during the 13th Brazilian Congress of Family and Community Medicine, from July 8-12, 2015. It aimed to establish important assumptions for the recruitment, training, provision, and support for the work of female family physicians in the many rural, rururban and remote areas of the country, in its various different scenarios, and should serve as a basis for studies and formulation of public policies on such aspects.

El presente documento fue producido con base en el taller de Género sobre el trabajo de las Médicas de Familia (Cabecera) en áreas rurales y remotas, durante el 13º Congreso Brasileño de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad, de 8 a 12 de julio de 2015. Su objetivo es el estabelecimiento de importantes presuposiciones para el reclutamiento, formación, provisión, fijación y suporte para el trabajo de las médicas de familia y comunidad en las más distintas áreas rurales, rururbanas y remotas del país bajo los más diversos escenarios, debiendo servir de base para estudios y formulación de políticas públicas sobre tales aspectos.

Propriedades biológicas do hidróxido de cálcio e suas aplicações na clínica endodôntica / Biological properties of calcium hidroxide and its application in clinical endodontics

Este trabalho consta de uma revisão bibliográfica das propriedades biológicas do hidróxido de cálcio e suas aplicações na clínica endodôntica